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碳中和 5

CCS 2

CO₂利用 2

CO₂封存 2

CO₂捕集 2

二氧化碳 2

固体氧化物电解池 2

生物质 2

&alpha 1

CAD 装配模型 1

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CO 1

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CO2地下埋存 1

CO2管道；离岸CCUS；海底管道；管道腐蚀；管道断裂；泄漏监测 1

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CO₂ 加氢 1

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The catalytic effect of both oxygen-bearing functional group and ash in carbonaceous catalyst on CH 4-CO 2 reforming

Weidong ZHANG, Yongfa ZHANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 147-152 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0242-1

摘要： A kind of new catalyst—carbonaceous catalyst—for CH-CO reformation has been developed in our laboratory. The effect of both oxygen-bearing functional group such as phenolic hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and lactonic, and ash such as FeO, NaCO, and KCO in the carbonaceous catalyst on the CH-CO reforming has been investigated with a fixed-bed reactor. It has been found that the carbonaceous catalyst is an efficient catalyst on CO-CH reforming. With the decrease of oxygen-bearing functional group, the catalytic activity of carbonaceous catalyst decreases quickly. The oxygen-bearing functional groups play a significant role in the carbonaceous-catalyzed CO-CH reforming; the ash components in carbonaceous catalyst also have an important influence on the CO-CH reforming. FeO, NaCO, and KCO in the ash can catalyze the CO-CH reforming reaction; CaO has little effect on CO-CH reforming reaction. CaO can catalyze the gasification between carbonaceous catalyst and CO; AlO and MgO inhibit the CO-CH reforming.

关键词： oxygen-bearing functional carboxyl phenolic hydroxyl CH-CO reformation CO-CH reforming

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An investigation of the CHOH and CO selectivity of CO hydrogenation over Cu–Ce–Zr catalysts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 950-962 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2162-2

摘要： A series of Cu–Ce–Zr catalysts with different Ce contents are applied to the hydrogenation of CO₂ to CO/CH₃OH products. The Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 2 wt% Ce loading shows higher CO selectivity (S_CO = 0.0%–87.8%) from 200–300 °C, while the Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 8 wt% Ce loading presents higher CO₂ conversion (

X C O 2

= 5.4%–15.6%) and CH₃OH selectivity (

S C H 3 O H

= 97.8%–40.6%). The number of hydroxyl groups and solid solution nature play a significant role in changing the reaction pathway. The solid solution enhances the CO₂ adsorption ability. At the CO₂ adsorption step, a larger number of hydroxyl groups over the Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 8 wt% Ce loading leads to the production of H-containing adsorption species. At the CO₂ hydrogenation step, a larger number of hydroxyl groups assists in encouraging the further hydrogenation of intermediate species to CH₃OH and improving the hydrogenation rate. Hence, the Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 8 wt% Ce loading favors CH₃OH selectivity and CO₂ activation, while CO is preferred on the Cu–Ce–Zr catalyst with 2 wt% Ce loading, a smaller number of hydroxyl groups and a solid solution nature. Additionally, high-pressure in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows that CO is produced from formate decomposition and that both monodentate formate and bidentate formate are active intermediate species of CO₂ hydrogenation to CH₃OH.

关键词： CO₂ hydrogenation Cu–Ce–Zr hydroxyls CO/CH₃OH selectivity

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Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst for CH

Xiaohong LI, Jun AI, Wenying LI, Dongxiong LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 476-480 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0512-y

摘要： A co-precipitation method was employed to prepare Ni/Al O -ZrO , Co/Al O -ZrO and Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalysts. Their properties were characterized by N adsorption (BET), thermogravimetric analysis TGA , temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption (CO -TPD), and temperature-programmed surface reaction (CH -TPSR and CO -TPSR). Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO bimetallic catalyst has good performance in the reduction of active components Ni, Co and CO adsorption. Compared with mono-metallic catalyst, bimetallic catalyst could provide more active sites and CO adsorption sites (C+ CO = 2CO) for the methane-reforming reaction, and a more appropriate force formed between active components and composite support (SMSI) for the catalytic reaction. According to the CH -CO -TPSR, there were 80.9% and 81.5% higher CH and CO conversion over Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalyst, and its better resistance to carbon deposition, less than 0.5% of coke after 4 h reaction, was found by TGA. The high activity and excellent anti-coking of the Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalyst were closely related to the synergy between Ni and Co active metal, the strong metal-support interaction and the use of composite support.

关键词： Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst composite support CH₄ reforming with CO₂

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Frontier science and challenges on offshore carbon storage

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1680-6

摘要：

● The main direct seal up carbon options and challenges are reviewed.

关键词： Offshore carbon storage Direct CO₂ injection CO₂-CH₄ replacement CO₂-EOR CCS hubs CO₂ transport

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Review on cryogenic technologies for CO removal from natural gas

Yujing BI, Yonglin JU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 793-811 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0821-0

摘要： CO₂ in natural gas (NG) is prone to condense directly from gas to solid or solidify from liquid to solid at low temperatures due to its high triple point and boiling temperature, which can cause a block of equipment. Meanwhile, CO₂ will also affect the calorific value of NG. Based on the above reasons, CO₂ must be removed during the NG liquefaction process. Compared with conventional methods, cryogenic technologies for CO₂ removal from NG have attracted wide attention due to their non-polluting and low-cost advantages. Its integration with NG liquefaction can make rational use of the cold energy and realize the purification of NG and the production of by-product liquid CO₂. In this paper, the phase behavior of the CH₄-CO₂ binary mixture is summarized, which provides a basis for the process design of cryogenic CO₂ removal from NG. Then, the detailed techniques of design and optimization for cryogenic CO₂ removal in recent years are summarized, including the gas-liquid phase change technique and the gas-solid phase change technique. Finally, several improvements for further development of the cryogenic CO₂ removal process are proposed. The removal process in combination with the phase change and the traditional techniques with renewable energy will be the broad prospect for future development.

关键词： cryogenic CO₂ removal purification of natural gas (NG) biogas upgrading CH₄-CO₂ binary system

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Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition

Xiying Hao, Francis J. Larney

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0955-1

摘要： Manure management strategies should reflect current animal feeding practices and encourage recycling of organic waste to help protect our environment. This research investigated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during cattle manure stockpiling or composting with and without construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Manure was collected from cattle fed a typical finishing diet (CK manure) and from cattle on diets which included 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DG manure). The CK and DG manures were co-composted with (4:1) C&D waste (treatments: CK_CD DG_CD), composted alone (treatments: CK and DG) in 13 m bins or stockpiled without C&D waste (treatments: CK_ST and DG_ST) for 99 days. Manure type (CK vs. DG manure) had no effect on GHG emissions over the 99 day manure composting or stockpiling. Composting with C&D waste produced similar CO emissions, about double that from manure stockpiling (7.0 kgC·m ). In contrast, CH emissions were reduced by the inclusion of C&D waste (64 gC·m with C&D vs. 244 gC·m without C&D) while the manure stockpile emitted the greatest amount of CH (464 gC·m ). Additionally, only 0.48% of C was emitted in CH form with C&D waste, compared to 1.68% when composting without C&D waste and 7.00% when cattle manure was stockpiled. The N O emissions (12.4 to 18.0 gN·m ) were similar across all treatments. The lower CH emissions with C&D waste are beneficial in reducing overall GHG emissions from manure composting, while reducing the amount of material entering landfills.

关键词： Livestock manure greenhouse gas flux straw bale compost bin N₂O CH₄ CO₂

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Effect of TiO

Navid Azizi, Mojgan Isanejad, Toraj Mohammadi, Reza M. Behbahani

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 517-530 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1781-0

摘要： Membranes have attracted much attention as economical methods for industrial chemical processes. The effects of the titanium dioxide nanoparticle load on the morphology and CO /CH separation performance of poly (ether-block-amide) (PEBAX-1657) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were investigated from pressures of 3–12 bar and temperatures of 30°C–60°C. The PEBAX membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy and tensile strength analysis. The incorporation of TiO nanoparticles into the polymeric MMMs improved the CO /CH gas separation performance (both the permeability and selectivity) of the membranes. The CO permeability and ideal CO /CH selectivity values of the nanocomposite membrane loaded with 8 wt-% TiO were 172.32 Barrer and 24.79, respectively whereas those of the neat membrane were 129.87 Barrer and 21.39, respectively.

关键词： mixed matrix membrane TiO₂ nanoparticles PEBAX-1657 CO₂/CH₄ separation

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Effect of carbon deposition over carbonaceous catalysts on CH

Yongfa ZHANG, Meng ZHANG, Guojie ZHANG, Huirong ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 481-485 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0523-8

摘要： An investigation was made using a continuous fixed bed reactor to understand the influence of carbon deposition obtained under different conditions on CH -CO reforming. Thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to study the characteristics of carbon deposition. It was found that the carbonaceous catalyst is an efficient catalyst in methane decomposition and CH -CO reforming. The trend of methane decomposition at lower temperatures is similar to that at higher temperatures. The methane conversion is high during the initial of stage of the reaction, and then decays to a relatively fixed value after about 30 min. With temperature increase, the methane decomposition rate increases quickly. The reaction temperature has significant influence on methane decomposition, whereas the carbon deposition does not affect methane decomposition significantly. Different types of carbon deposition were formed at different methane decomposition reaction temperatures. The carbon deposition Type I generated at 900°C has a minor effect on CH -CO reforming and it easily reacts with carbon dioxide, but the carbon deposition Type II generated at 1000°C and 1100°C clearly inhibits CH -CO reforming and it is difficult to react with carbon dioxide. The results of XRD showed that some graphite structures were found in carbon deposition Type II.

关键词： carbon deposition carbonaceous catalyst CH₄-CO₂ reforming

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Complete oxidation of methane on CoO-SnO catalysts

Xingfu TANG , Jiming HAO , Junhua LI ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 265-270 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0019-2

摘要： CoO-SnO hybrid oxides were prepared by the coprecipitation method and were used to oxidate methane (CH) in presence of oxygen. The CoO-SnO with a molar ratio of Co/(Co+Sn) at 0.75 exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all the CoO-SnO hybrid oxides. Experimental results showed that the catalysts were considerably stable in the CH combustion reaction, and were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). It was found that CoO was the active species, and SnO acted as a support or a promoting component in the CoO-SnO hybrid oxides. The surface area was not a major factor that affected catalytic activity. The hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR) results demonstrated that the interaction between cobalt and tin oxides accelerated the mobility of oxygen species of CoO-SnO, leading to higher catalytic activity.

关键词： Co₃O₄-SnO₂ complete oxidation methane (CH₄)

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Design and analysis of dual fuel methanol-power poly-generation

Minghua WANG , Zheng LI , Weidou NI ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 341-347 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0023-z

摘要： A dual fuel head poly-generation flowsheet was designed based on coal gas and coke oven gas. To help clearly understand the system performance, a 1.2×10−3.2×10kg methanol and 274―496MW power poly-generation system was simulated by using the commercially available software ASPEN Plus and GT Pro. The technology scheme, the operating parameters, and the efficiency of the system were also analyzed and evaluated, which will be used for building industrial devices.

关键词： dual fuel methanol-power poly-generation CO₂ and CH₄ reforming splitting ratio

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Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: where are we heading?

Joseph JY Sung, Nicholas CH Poon

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 511-517 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0742-4

摘要： Artificial intelligence (AI) is coming to medicine in a big wave. From making diagnosis in various medical conditions, following the latest advancements in scientific literature, suggesting appropriate therapies, to predicting prognosis and outcome of diseases and conditions, AI is offering unprecedented possibilities to improve care for patients. Gastroenterology is a field that AI can make a significant impact. This is partly because the diagnosis of gastrointestinal conditions relies a lot on image-based investigations and procedures (endoscopy and radiology). AI-assisted image analysis can make accurate assessment and provide more information than conventional analysis. AI integration of genomic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may offer new classifications of gastrointestinal cancers and suggest optimal personalized treatments. In managing relapsing and remitting diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and peptic ulcer bleeding, convoluted neural network may formulate models to predict disease outcome, enhancing treatment efficacy. AI and surgical robots can also assist surgeons in conducting gastrointestinal operations. While the advancement and new opportunities are exciting, the responsibility and liability issues of AI-assisted diagnosis and management need much deliberations.

关键词： artificial intelligence endoscopy robotics gastrointestinal diseases

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供给侧结构性改革中的制造业质量升级

张纲

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 29-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.005

摘要：

制造业质量体现企业和产业的核心竞争力，反映国家的综合实力。本文围绕供给侧结构性改革的主攻方向，分析了制造业质量升级对推动产业结构转型、优化就业结构、促进经济协调发展、塑造国家品牌的作用。作者认为，质量既是硬实力，又是软实力，抓质量如同抓科技、抓教育一样，应当赋予其综合性地位，以“大质量”的理念，重点从6个方面加快推进制造业质量提升：确立质量与效益相衔接的大目标、创建质量维度的产业结构分析新方法、创立国家质量基础设施建设的新优势、实施质量升级的重大工程、创新质量升级的制度政策体系、强化“大质量”工作体制。

关键词：供给侧改革制造业质量升级

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Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 214-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017022

摘要： The empirical Complex Model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is used by refiners to predict the toxic emissions of reformulated gasoline with respect to gasoline properties. The difficulty in implementing this model in the blending process stems from the implicit definition of Complex Model through a series of disjunctions assembled by the EPA in the form of spreadsheets. A major breakthrough in the refinery-based Complex Model implementation occurred in 2008 and 2010 through the use of generalized disjunctive and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Nevertheless, the execution time of these MINLP models remains prohibitively long to control emissions with our online gasoline blender. The first objective of this study is to present a new model that decreases the execution time of our online controller. The second objective is to consider toxic thresholds as hard constraints to be verified and search for blends that verify them. Our approach introduces a new way to write the Complex Model without any binary or integer variables. Sigmoid functions are used herein to approximate step functions until the measurement precision for each blend property is reached. By knowing this level of precision, we are able to propose an extremely good and differentiable approximation of the Complex Model. Next, a differentiable objective function is introduced to penalize emission values higher than the threshold emissions. Our optimization module has been implemented and tested with real data. The execution time never exceeded 1 s, which allows the online regulation of emissions the same way as other traditional properties of blended gasoline.

关键词： emissions reformulated gasoline online control global optimization